如何Linux下得到CPU、内存及PCI信息

很多时候我们需要得到linux下面的硬件信息， 那么如何得到呢？ 其实linux给出了多种途径 我们看一下每一个命令，以便得到最详细的信息 /* 二,硬件的查看 1,lspci 2,dmidecode 3,dmesg */ 1，查看pci的相关信息 先解释一下概念： 什么是PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect，外围设备互联， 它是计算机上面应用的设备总线（总线，就是bus,是传输数据信号的通道） lspci 这个命令默认是已经安装的， 如找不到此命令，可以安装pciutils这个包 命令举例: lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000X Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 12) 00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 2 (rev 12) 00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 3 (rev 12) 00:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 4-5 (rev 12) 00:05.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 5 (rev 12) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 6-7 (rev 12) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 7 (rev 12) 00:10.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12) 00:10.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12) 00:10.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12) 00:11.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12) 00:13.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12) 00:15.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12) 00:16.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 09) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #1 (rev 09) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #2 (rev 09) 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #3 (rev 09) 00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #4 (rev 09) 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset EHCI USB2 Controller (rev 09) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev d9) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 09) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB IDE Controller (rev 09) 01:00.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS1068E PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS (rev 08) 02:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3) 03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12) 04:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Upstream Port (rev 01) 04:00.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev 01) 05:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E1 (rev 01) 05:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E2 (rev 01) 06:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3) 07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12) 0e:0d.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc ES1000 (rev 02)

从中看到的信息：Ethernet controller：这个是网卡 VGA compatible controller：这个是显卡 USB Controller： USB控制器 SCSI storage controller： SCSI的存储控制器 说明：如果你感觉这份信息还不够详细， 那么可以在后面添加参数，有3个参数可以使用： lspci -v verbose 详细 lspci -vv very verbose 很详细 lspci -vvv even more verbose 更详细 以树结构来显示pci总线： lspci -tv

简单显示： lspci -n 00:00.0 0600: 8086:25c0 (rev 12) 00:02.0 0604: 8086:25e2 (rev 12) 00:03.0 0604: 8086:25e3 (rev 12) 00:04.0 0604: 8086:25f8 (rev 12) 00:05.0 0604: 8086:25e5 (rev 12) 00:06.0 0604: 8086:25f9 (rev 12) 00:07.0 0604: 8086:25e7 (rev 12) 00:10.0 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12) 00:10.1 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12) 00:10.2 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12) 00:11.0 0600: 8086:25f1 (rev 12) 00:13.0 0600: 8086:25f3 (rev 12) 00:15.0 0600: 8086:25f5 (rev 12) 00:16.0 0600: 8086:25f6 (rev 12) 00:1c.0 0604: 8086:2690 (rev 09) 00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:2688 (rev 09) 00:1d.1 0c03: 8086:2689 (rev 09) 00:1d.2 0c03: 8086:268a (rev 09) 00:1d.3 0c03: 8086:268b (rev 09) 00:1d.7 0c03: 8086:268c (rev 09) 00:1e.0 0604: 8086:244e (rev d9) 00:1f.0 0601: 8086:2670 (rev 09) 00:1f.1 0101: 8086:269e (rev 09) 01:00.0 0100: 1000:0058 (rev 08) 02:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3) 03:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12) 04:00.0 0604: 8086:3500 (rev 01) 04:00.3 0604: 8086:350c (rev 01) 05:00.0 0604: 8086:3510 (rev 01) 05:01.0 0604: 8086:3514 (rev 01) 06:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3) 07:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12) 0e:0d.0 0300: 1002:515e (rev 02) 显示其中的某一项： lspci -d 14e4:164c -vvv 2,查看cpu的信息 cat /proc/cpuinfo

有几颗CPU？ cat /proc/cpuinfo ｜ grep physical id

[root@dev ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep ‘physical id’ physical id : 0 physical id : 0 physical id : 0 physical id : 0 如果physical id相同，表示这是一颗4核心的CPU

查看CPU的生产商和型号: 查看生产商： cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep ‘vendor_id’ 查看型号： cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep ‘model name’ 查看频率： cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep ‘cpu MHz’ 查看核心的数量： cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep ‘cpu cores’

3,查看内存的信息： [root@dev ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4048 1708 2339 0 164 1464 -/+ buffers/cache: 80 3967 Swap: 1983 0 1983 说明： -m参数，以M字节（megabytes）为单位查看内存大小， 上面的例子中我们可以看到，内存的总大小是4048M，也就是4G

想看到更详细的内存信息？ dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.7 SMBIOS 2.5 present. Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes. Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 8 Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 28 bytes. Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: Set: 1 Locator: DIMM1 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns) Manufacturer: 830B8089830B Serial Number: E2940445 Asset Tag: 110818 Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 28 bytes. Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: Set: 1 Locator: DIMM2 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns) Manufacturer: 830B8089830B Serial Number: BB9C0441 Asset Tag: 110818 Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 28 bytes. Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: Set: 2 Locator: DIMM3 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns) Manufacturer: 830B8089830B Serial Number: 39A10445 Asset Tag: 110818 Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 28 bytes. Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: Set: 2 Locator: DIMM4 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns) Manufacturer: 830B8089830B Serial Number: BA9A0442 Asset Tag: 110818 Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C Handle 0x1104, DMI type 17, 28 bytes. Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Set: 3 Locator: DIMM5 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Serial Number: Asset Tag: Part Number: Handle 0x1105, DMI type 17, 28 bytes. Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Set: 3 Locator: DIMM6 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Serial Number: Asset Tag: Part Number: Handle 0x1106, DMI type 17, 28 bytes. Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Set: 4 Locator: DIMM7 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Serial Number: Asset Tag: Part Number: Handle 0x1107, DMI type 17, 28 bytes. Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Set: 4 Locator: DIMM8 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Serial Number: Asset Tag: Part Number: 从上面我们可以看到有4条1G的内存被安装在前4条内存插槽上，而locator从DIMM5－DIMM8是空着的 前四条内存的型号为：Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C 生产商的ID是：Manufacturer: 830B8089830B