运维监控系统之Prometheus Server安装

简介

Prometheus是Golang写的，编译后就是一个二进制文件，不依赖于第三方运行库。这样子就可以让我们很方便的部署。

下载安装

Golang的交叉编译，可以很容易实现跨平台。

如果是测试实验可以在下载windows版本的就可以了。

我这边都是Linux环境，直接下载Linux版本

wget-chttps://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.23.0/prometheus-2.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tarzxvfprometheus-2.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

运行

解压后，就可以执行二进制文件prometheus

./prometheus

默认配置文件是当前目录下的prometheus.yml

默认配置文件里面只有拉取prometheus自己的指标。

帮助

./prometheus--help

prometheus 提供了很多参数可以进行配置，根据实际情况进行设置即可。

usage:prometheus[<flags>]

ThePrometheusmonitoringserver

Flags:
-h,--helpShowcontext-sensitivehelp(alsotry--help-longand--help-man).
--versionShowapplicationversion.
--config.file="prometheus.yml"
Prometheusconfigurationfilepath.
--web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:9090"
AddresstolistenonforUI,API,andtelemetry.
--web.read-timeout=5mMaximumdurationbeforetimingoutreadoftherequest,andclosingidleconnections.
--web.max-connections=512Maximumnumberofsimultaneousconnections.
--web.external-url=<URL>TheURLunderwhichPrometheusisexternallyreachable(forexample,ifPrometheusisservedviaareverseproxy).Usedforgeneratingrelativeandabsolutelinksbackto
Prometheusitself.IftheURLhasapathportion,itwillbeusedtoprefixallHTTPendpointsservedbyPrometheus.Ifomitted,relevantURLcomponentswillbederived
automatically.
--web.route-prefix=<path>Prefixfortheinternalroutesofwebendpoints.Defaultstopathof--web.external-url.
--web.user-assets=<path>Pathtostaticassetdirectory,availableat/user.
--web.enable-lifecycleEnableshutdownandreloadviaHTTPrequest.
--web.enable-admin-apiEnableAPIendpointsforadmincontrolactions.
--web.console.templates="consoles"
Pathtotheconsoletemplatedirectory,availableat/consoles.
--web.console.libraries="console_libraries"
Pathtotheconsolelibrarydirectory.
--web.page-title="PrometheusTimeSeriesCollectionandProcessingServer"
DocumenttitleofPrometheusinstance.
--web.cors.origin=".*"RegexforCORSorigin.Itisfullyanchored.Example:'https?://(domain1|domain2)\.com'
--storage.tsdb.path="data/"
Basepathformetricsstorage.
--storage.tsdb.retention=STORAGE.TSDB.RETENTION
[DEPRECATED]Howlongtoretainsamplesinstorage.Thisflaghasbeendeprecated,use"storage.tsdb.retention.time"instead.
--storage.tsdb.retention.time=STORAGE.TSDB.RETENTION.TIME
Howlongtoretainsamplesinstorage.Whenthisflagissetitoverrides"storage.tsdb.retention".Ifneitherthisflagnor"storage.tsdb.retention"nor
"storage.tsdb.retention.size"isset,theretentiontimedefaultsto15d.UnitsSupported:y,w,d,h,m,s,ms.
--storage.tsdb.retention.size=STORAGE.TSDB.RETENTION.SIZE
[EXPERIMENTAL]Maximumnumberofbytesthatcanbestoredforblocks.Aunitisrequired,supportedunits:B,KB,MB,GB,TB,PB,EB.Ex:"512MB".Thisflagisexperimentaland
canbechangedinfuturereleases.
--storage.tsdb.no-lockfile
Donotcreatelockfileindatadirectory.
--storage.tsdb.allow-overlapping-blocks
[EXPERIMENTAL]Allowoverlappingblocks,whichinturnenablesverticalcompactionandverticalquerymerge.
--storage.tsdb.wal-compression
CompressthetsdbWAL.
--storage.remote.flush-deadline=<duration>
Howlongtowaitflushingsampleonshutdownorconfigreload.
--storage.remote.read-sample-limit=5e7
Maximumoverallnumberofsamplestoreturnviatheremotereadinterface,inasinglequery.0meansnolimit.Thislimitisignoredforstreamedresponsetypes.
--storage.remote.read-concurrent-limit=10
Maximumnumberofconcurrentremotereadcalls.0meansnolimit.
--storage.remote.read-max-bytes-in-frame=1048576
Maximumnumberofbytesinasingleframeforstreamingremotereadresponsetypesbeforemarshalling.Notethatclientmighthavelimitonframesizeaswell.1MBas
recommendedbyprotobufbydefault.
--rules.alert.for-outage-tolerance=1h
Maxtimetotolerateprometheusoutageforrestoring"for"stateofalert.
--rules.alert.for-grace-period=10m
Minimumdurationbetweenalertandrestored"for"state.Thisismaintainedonlyforalertswithconfigured"for"timegreaterthangraceperiod.
--rules.alert.resend-delay=1m
MinimumamountoftimetowaitbeforeresendinganalerttoAlertmanager.
--alertmanager.notification-queue-capacity=10000
ThecapacityofthequeueforpendingAlertmanagernotifications.
--alertmanager.timeout=10s
TimeoutforsendingalertstoAlertmanager.
--query.lookback-delta=5mThemaximumlookbackdurationforretrievingmetricsduringexpressionevaluationsandfederation.
--query.timeout=2mMaximumtimeaquerymaytakebeforebeingaborted.
--query.max-concurrency=20
Maximumnumberofqueriesexecutedconcurrently.
--query.max-samples=50000000
Maximumnumberofsamplesasinglequerycanloadintomemory.Notethatquerieswillfailiftheytrytoloadmoresamplesthanthisintomemory,sothisalsolimitsthe
numberofsamplesaquerycanreturn.
--log.level=infoOnlylogmessageswiththegivenseverityorabove.Oneof:[debug,info,warn,error]
--log.format=logfmtOutputformatoflogmessages.Oneof:[logfmt,json]

注册成服务

目前linux大部分的发行版本都是使用systemd管理系统服务了，我们可以直接编辑一个systemd的service文件，来部署prometheus服务。

vim/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

如果没有设置–storage.tsdb.path，记得设置好工作目录WorkingDirectory，不然所有数据都会保存到家目录里面。

[Unit]
Description=prometheus
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
WorkingDirectory=/opt/prometheus/prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus--config.file="/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
LimitNOFILE=65536
PrivateTmp=true
RestartSec=2
StartLimitInterval=0
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

使用systemctl加载文件、控制服务

systemctldaemon-reload
systemctlenableprometheus
systemctlstartprometheus

WebUI

启动之后，默认监听是9090端口，浏览器直接访问即可

http://[ip]:9090